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Provençal 〔Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh〕 ((オック語:Provençau ''or'' Prouvençau) (:pʀuveⁿˈsaw)) is a variety of Occitan spoken by a minority of people in southern France, mostly in Provence. In the English-speaking world, "Provençal" is often used to refer to all dialects of Occitan, but more properly it refers to the dialect spoken in Provence. However there is an important controversy about whether Provençal is an Occitan dialect or a particular language. "Provençal" (with "Limousin") is also the customary name given to the older version of the ''langue d'oc'' used by the troubadours of medieval literature, while Old French or the ''langue d'oïl'' was limited to the northern areas of France. In 2007, the ISO 639-3 code changed from ''prv'' to ''oci'', as ''prv'' was merged into ''oci''. ==Sub-dialects== The main sub-dialects of Provençal are: * ''Rodanenc'' (in French ''Rhodanien'') around the lower Rhone river, Arles, Avignon, Nîmes. * * A Rodanenc subvariety, the ''Shuadit'' (or Judeo-Provençal), has been considered extinct since 1977. It was spoken by the Jewish community around Avignon. When Jews were granted freedom of residence in France the dialect declined. * ''Maritim'' or ''Centrau'' or ''Mediterranèu'' (Maritime or Central or Mediterranean) around Aix-en-Provence, Marseille, Toulon, Cannes, Antibes, Grasse, Forcalquier, Castellane, Draguignan. * ''Niçard'' in the lower County of Nice. ''Gavòt'' (in French ''Gavot''), spoken in the Western Occitan Alps, around Digne, Sisteron, Gap, Barcelonnette and the upper County of Nice, but also in a part of the Ardèche, is not exactly a subdialect of Provençal, but rather a closely related Occitan dialect, also known as Vivaro-Alpine. So is the dialect spoken in the upper valleys of Piedmont, Italy (Val Maira, Val Varacha, Val d'Estura, Entraigas, Limon, Vinai, Pignerol, Sestriera).〔Nòrmas ortogràficas, chausias morfològicas e vocabulari de l'occitan alpin oriental (imprimit ) / Commission internacionala per la normalizacion linguistica de l'occitan alpin, Published by Espaci Occitan, Piemonte, 2008 . - 242. ISBN 9788890299742-PN-01〕 Some people view Gavòt as a variety of Provençal since a part of the Gavot area (near Digne and Sisteron) belongs to historical Provence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Provençal dialect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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